The Chemistry behind the Airbag
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The main chemical component in the airbag is sodium azide (NaN3) together with KNO3 and SiO2. In the gas generator a mixture of NaN3, KNO3, and SiO2 is ignited through an electrical impulse and causes a relatively slow kind of detonation, called a "deflagration", that liberates a precalculated volume of nitrogen gas, which fills the air bag.
¿¡¾î¹é¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÁÖ¿ä ÈÇмººÐÀº ³ªÆ®·ý ¾ÆÁöȹ°(sodium azide - NaN3)°ú KNO3 ±×¸®°í SiO2 ÀÌ´Ù.
°¡½º ¹ß»ý±â ¾È¿¡¼ NaN3, KNO3, SiO2 ÀÇ È¥ÇÕ¹°ÀÌ Àü±âÀû Ãæ°Ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ßȵǾî "Æø¿¬(øïæ×)"À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ´À¸° Æø¹ßÀÌ ÀϾ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×¶§ ¹Ì¸® °è»êµÈ ºÎÇÇÀÇ Áú¼Ò°¡½º°¡ ¹æÃâµÇ¸é¼ ¿¡¾î¹éÀ» ä¿ì°Ô µÈ´Ù.
2 NaN3 ---> 2Na + 3N2 - (¹ÝÀÀ 1)
The sodium by-product of reaction 1, and the potassium nitrate generate additional nitrogen for the airbag in a second reaction
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10 Na + 2 KNO3 ---> K20 + 5 Na2O + N2 - (¹ÝÀÀ 2)
These two reactions leave potassium oxide and sodium oxide to react with the third compound of the mixture, silicon dioxide, forming alkaline silicate ("glass"), which is a safe and stable, unignitable compound.
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K2O + Na2O + SiO2 ---> alkaline silicate (glass) - (¹ÝÀÀ 3)